By Anthony Kenny
The following readers will locate not just an authoritative consultant to the historical past of philosophy, but in addition a compelling advent to each significant quarter of philosophical inquiry. --from writer description
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Extra resources for A New History of Western Philosophy Vol 1 Ancient Philosophy
Sample text
9. 9–11). These two roads can 6 Readers of Plato are bound to be struck by the anticipation of the allegory of the Cave in the Republic. 7 See the discussion in KRS 208. 15 PYTHAGORAS TO PLATO only be regarded as the same if they are seen as two stages on a continuous, everlasting, cosmic progress. Heraclitus did indeed believe that the cosmic Wre went through stages of kindling and quenching (KRS 217). It is presumably also in this sense that we are to understand that the universe is both generated and ungenerated, mortal and immortal (DK 22 B50).
A group of commanders was tried for abandoning the bodies of the dead after a sea victory at Arginusae. It was unconstitutional to try the commanders collectively rather than individually, but Socrates was alone in voting against the illegality, and the accused were executed. In 404, after the war had ended, the Spartans replaced Athenian democracy with an oligarchy, ‘the Thirty Tyrants’, long remembered for a reign 33 PYTHAGORAS TO PLATO of terror. Instructed to arrest an innocent man, Leon of Salamis, Socrates took no notice.
Most of these fortuitous organisms were fragile or sterile; only the Wttest structures survived to be the human and animal species we know. Their Wtness to reproduce was a matter of chance, not design (Aristotle, Ph. 2. 8. 198b29). g. olives and eggs, leaves and feathers (Aristotle, GA 1. 23. 731a4). But he was contemptuous of his attempt to reduce teleology to chance, and for many centuries biologists followed Aristotle rather than Empedocles. 14 Empedocles employed his quartet of elements in giving an account of sense-perception, based on the principle that like is known by like.