By Peng T. Khaw, Peter Shah, Andrew R. Elkington
Within the 3 years because the third variation a lot has replaced within the therapy of eye stipulations. Glaucoma and macular degeneration, laser therapy in comparison with surgical procedure, easy methods to care for refractive mistakes - a lot of these might be defined intimately and illustrated with newly commissioned drawings and pictures.
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Additional resources for ABC of Eyes 4th Edition (ABC Series)
Example text
Occasionally, a surgical procedure (such as epithelial debridement or corneal stromal puncture) may be carried out to enhance the adhesion between the epithelium and the underlying basement membrane. Foreign bodies It is important to identify and remove conjunctival and corneal foreign bodies. A patient may not recall a foreign body having entered the eye, so it is essential to be on the lookout for a foreign body if a patient has an uncomfortable red eye. It may be necessary to use local anaesthetic both to examine the eye and to remove the foreign body.
Immediate high dose intravenous steroid therapy is indicated. Emboli from the carotid arteries and heart should be excluded. Attempts may be made to open up the arterial circulation in acute cases by ocular massage, rapid reduction in intraocular pressure medically, anterior chamber paracentesis, or by carbon dioxide rebreathing to cause arterial dilatation. Factors predisposing to vascular disease (for example, smoking, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia) should be identified and dealt with. Venous occlusion Superficial temporal artery Temporal arteritis History—The visual acuity will be disturbed only if the occlusion affects the temporal vascular arcades and damages the macula.
Tumours in the medial canthal region may infiltrate the orbit extensively if they are not detected and dealt with. If the tumour is large when the patient is referred, an extensive and often disfiguring operation may be necessary. The classical basal cell carcinoma has a pearly rounded edge with a necrotic centre, but it may be difficult to diagnose if it presents as a diffuse indurated lesion. It is particularly easy to miss the invasive form that occurs in a skin crease, which may be invading deeply with few cutaneous signs.