By Clara B. Jones
Quite a few figures, illustrations, and tables; integration of recent literature and ideas into box of primatology; emphasis upon either behavioral and cognitive mechanisms.
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Hanski’s (2001, p. ” The responses that animals make when human intervention is not present will significantly influence, if not determine, the persistence of populations in nature as anthropogenic perturbations increase, and species whose individuals exhibit a greater degree of behavioral flexibility are less likely to be “extinction prone,” all other things being equal ( Jones, 1995b, 1997c). As Sultan and Spencer (2002, p. 280) state, “In general, higher migration rates favor plasticity . . ” Thus, it will be important to investigate rates of dispersal and gene flow in primates for a thorough understanding of behavioral flexibility.
2002) present chapters documenting behavioral diversity in chimpanzees and bonobos from a variety of sites in Africa. In this volume, several reports exhibit ecological differences in tool use that may be associated with differential degrees of genetic variability between sites. , Fragaszy and Perry, 2003), additional research is required to investigate the potential for behavioral flexibility in material culture by Platyrrhines (see McGrew, 1998). It is the consensus of ecologists that phenotypic flexibility has arisen in response to temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity (variation in the environment; Piersma and Drent, 2003), and this book intends to explore the causes and consequences of environmental heterogeneity for primates.
Theoretical treatments of these and related ideas can be found in Emlen (1973), Roughgarden (1979, 1998), and Case (2000). Conclusions Wilson (1975, p. 5; also see Odum, 1971, p. 34; Bergman and Siegal, 2003; Stearns, 2003) presents a preliminary schema of factors influencing the expression of behavioral flexibility, including environmental parameters, individual parameters, and population parameters. , climate, population density) with the potential to favor or disfavor intraindividual behavioral variation.