By John Joshua
This two-volume publication addresses the commercial transformation taking place in China at the moment. the writer investigates China's household and overseas rules, the impression of those guidelines on fiscal development, and their impression at the caliber of existence for the folk of China. within the first quantity, the writer distinguishes among monetary development and sustainable financial improvement, and discusses China's present and previous fiscal guidelines in the direction of progress. Chapters additionally discover the structural transformation of China's economic system and its more and more consumer-oriented nature. the second one quantity appears extra particularly on the results of household guidelines at the caliber of existence for individuals residing in China. the writer examines the distribution of source of revenue, the relief of poverty, the chinese language schooling process, and the environmental expense of financial progress. those volumes can be of specific curiosity to researchers and students interested by China's rising fiscal power.
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Extra info for China's Economic Growth: Towards Sustainable Economic Development and Social Justice: Volume II: The Impact of Economic Policies on the Quality of Life
Example text
Nanjing, Xi’an and Zhuhai have relaxed the requirements for obtaining a Hukou, whereas large cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai largely resist any reform of the Hukou system. 69). The Hukou system distinguishes between rural and urban residents, allowing the latter to obtain more privileges and benefits. Various welfare policies have also been implemented which differ between rural and urban areas and thus contribute further to the restriction of the mobility of labour. The Hukou registration system has resulted into a two-track migration system, one track for permanent migration, that is, for qualified workers and urban residents, and another track for temporary migration for the less qualified migrants from rural areas (Chan et al.
2 Balanced Path Development 35 Since 1993, the gap between the rural and urban areas has decreased because of increases in the mobility of workers from the rural to the urban areas, a decline in discriminatory agricultural pricing, a decline of employment in urban areas and a deliberate policy of balanced regional growth, especially in the central and western provinces of China, which has helped to increase rural incomes. There is an increase in earnings when individual workers move from rural to urban areas, but there is also an increase in density of population in urban areas; consequently, there is more congestion or pollution, which is the cost of greater urbanization.
As a result, regional disparities are actually larger than they would be if there was no Hukou system in place. The eventual elimination of the Hukou system will reduce the inequality between regions and should also increase economic efficiency. However, the Hukou system has been gradually relaxed, beginning in the smaller cities in order to relieve pressure of rural-to-urban migration to the larger cities where the costs of congestion are higher and increasing. As the 11th Five-Year Plan promoted greater urbanization, it induced further changes to the Hukou system.