By Prof. Dr. Stefan M. Luthi (auth.)
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20 MediI6n Res.. MI 20 Deep RBlI. y '" PI-. Stut! Rea. COR ~:-----:=I.. 1) """i) A~ Ret. 5. Formation evaluation using LWD logs and the ELAN"" program in a gas field of the Gulf of Mexico. The three tracks on the left are the LWD logs, followed by electrical borehole images from the RAB"" tool and ELAN results on the right. e. there are more measurements than unknowns. Global then estimates the most probable solution by minimizing a cost function, the so-called "incoherence function".
17) where Vq is the near-water volume per charge site and Ccw the clay-water conductivity. The authors thus envision an entirely different fluid to be present in the double layer around the clays. 8 Slm at ambient room temperature. The model is very similar to the Waxman-Smits model. In both models, Qv and, therefore, the clay type are the parameter of greatest importance. A final model to be mentioned in this context is based on work by Sen et al. 17. 3). 12 with the double-layer model of Waxman-Smits.
11 is that it is not applicable to argillaceous rocks or "shaly formations". 3 shows two scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reservoir rocks containing clays that not only reduce the permeability by plugging the pore throats, but also affect the electrical conductivity of the rock. 3 Clays and Saturation Determination That clays influence the rock resistivities has been observed a long time ago, but to this date researchers strive to find simple physical models for this effect. The 25 presence of clays adds in essence an extra term (or several terms) to the resistivity equations.