Getting the Most Out of Vacuum Tubes by Tomer

By Tomer

This booklet is meant to supply motives of why tube apparatus occasionally fails and what to do approximately it. Discussions of catastrophic and degenerative mess ups; picking out tubes and tube kinds and checking out and predicting tube functionality.

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Extra info for Getting the Most Out of Vacuum Tubes

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MICROPHONICS Microphonics is defined as any signal appearing in the output of the vacuum tube which originates within the vacuum tube. It is caused by some mechanical stimulation of the tube. Microphonics is classified as a subjective failure because it too depends very much on the use to which the tube is put and the physical nature of its environment. An outstanding example is often found in phonographs or compact, minature radio sets. A particular tube will be found to cause the equipment to break into a sustained howl when used in one model; however, the same tube will perform quite normally in another model.

Its effectiveness depends upon the introduction of a small amount of unbalanced power frequency into the input stages. This unbalanced power frequency is used to buck out additional hum voltages that are picked up elsewhere in the circuit. If the adjustment for minimum hum comes somewhere near the center range of the control, it is not being used to introduce a bucking voltage. However, when the hum is minimum at some point near either extreme end of the control, it is being used as a hum bucker.

Hum Bucking Frequently, it will be found that making one or more of the suggested tests in an endeavor to isolate the cause of hum in a circuit actually causes the hum to increase. This is a very confusing situation until one understands more thoroughly just what is going on. Because of the many methods by which power line interference can take place, considerable distortion of the sine wave source usually develops. This takes the form of both phase and amplitude distortion. The result is a net signal which is often very complex in structure.

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