By George Z. Voyiadjis
This authoritative reference presents accomplished assurance of the subjects of wear and tear and therapeutic mechanics. Computational modeling of constitutive equations is supplied in addition to solved examples in engineering purposes. quite a lot of fabrics that engineers may perhaps come upon are coated, together with metals, composites, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials, and nanomaterials. The the world over famous group of participants hire a constant and systematic process, delivering readers a common reference that's perfect for common session.
Handbook of wear and tear Mechanics: Nano to Macro Scale for fabrics and Structures is perfect for graduate scholars and college, researchers, and pros within the fields of Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, fabrics technological know-how, and Engineering Mechanics.
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Extra resources for Handbook of Damage Mechanics: Nano to Macro Scale for Materials and Structures
Example text
New scalar damage variables have been previously proposed by Voyiadjis and Kattan (2009). Lemaitre (1984) argued that isotropic damage gives good predictions of the load carrying capacity, the number of cycles, or the time to local failure in structural components. However, the experimental results have confirmed the development of anisotropic damage (Chow and Wang 1987; Lee et al. 1985) even if the virgin material is isotropic. This has prompted several researchers to investigate the general case of anisotropic damage (Voyiadjis and Kattan 1996, 1999, 2006; Kattan and Voyiadjis 2001a, b).
2 Relation between the damage variable and M (Reprinted with permission from Voyiadjis and Kattan 2012) While both types of hypotheses are usually used by researchers in the field of damage mechanics, it is believed that the hypothesis of elastic energy equivalence is more valid than the hypothesis of elastic strain equivalence, primarily because it involves some form of energy formulation. Therefore, it is recommended to use the second hypothesis listed above. The second scalar damage variable ‘1 may be defined in terms of the reduction in the elastic modulus as follows: ‘1 ¼ EÀE E (3) where E is the elastic modulus in the damaged state, while E is the effective elastic modulus (in the fictitious state) with E > E (see Fig.
This means that in this limiting case, the material remains totally undamaged irrespective of the value of the damage variable. Of course, this is a hypothetical case as it cannot be reached physically. However, it gives rise to the following new issue. Does a material exist or can be manufactured which remains totally undamaged during the deformation process no matter what the load may be. This is the holy grail of damage mechanics and materials science in general – to design a new type of material that cannot be damaged at all.