By M. A. Hayat (Editor)
Classical histology has been augmented by way of immunohistochemistry (the use of particular antibodies to stain specific molecular species in situ). Immunohistochemistry has allowed the id of many extra telephone varieties than might be visualized via classical histology, quite within the immune process and one of the scattered hormone-secreting cells of the endocrine approach. This publication discusses all points of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization applied sciences and the real position they play in achieving a melanoma analysis. It presents step by step directions at the tools of extra molecular applied sciences akin to DNA microarrays, and microdissection, besides the advantages and barriers of every technique. * the one publication on hand that interprets molecular genetics into melanoma analysis * tools have been constructed by means of internationally-recognized specialists and provided in step by step demeanour * result of every one Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization are offered within the kind of colour illustrations
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Example text
2001). , 2001). The SAGE method is particularly useful for organisms whose genome is not completely sequenced because it does not require a hybridization probe for each transcript and allows new genes to be discovered. Because SAGE tag numbers directly reflect the abundance of the mRNAs, these data are highly accurate and quantitative. For further details, see Part II, Chapter 6 (by Dr. Ye), page 85 in Volume I of this series. Signal Transduction: Signal transduction describes the process by which a receptor interacts with a ligand at the surface of the cell and then transmits a signal to trigger a pathway within the cell.
During this time, tumors are characterized by genomic instability, resulting in the progressive accumulation of mutations and phenotypic changes. Some of the mutations bypass the host regulatory processes that control cell location, division, xxxviii expression, adaptation, and death. Genetic instability is manifested by extensive heterogeneity of cancer cells within each tumor. Destabilized DNA repair mechanisms can play an important role in genomic instability. Human cells may use at least seven different repair mechanisms to deal with DNA lesions that represent clear danger to survival and genomic stability.
Amplification is selective replication of a gene to produce more than the normal single copy in a haploid genome. Anaplasia: Anaplasia results in the regression of cells and tissues to an undifferentiated state (dedifferentiation) in most malignant neoplasms. Aneuploidy: Aneuploidy is the abnormal condition in which one or more whole chromosomes of a normal set of chromosomes either are missing or are present in more than the usual number of copies. Aneuploidy refers to not having the normal diploid number of chromosomes.