By Michael L. Dustin (auth.), Takashi Saito, Facundo D. Batista (eds.)
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Additional info for Immunological Synapse
Sample text
Polarity of signals generated at cell–cell contacts as well as subsequent secretion into these contacts, then, represents a second highly conserved pattern of immune cell–cell interactions. As shown in Fig. 1b, this pattern permits cells to direct messages to one another while excluding bystanders. As an example, when T cells are engaging a cell presenting peptide–MHC complexes, it has been shown that CD40L is directly accumulated at the IS where it is available to crosslink CD40 (Boisvert et al.
This idea has been challenged by others for studies suggest that memory cells arise from effector cells, rather than being set aside early in responses (Wherry and Ahmed 2004). However, there are many common elements in these models and it is agreed that early events in the time frame of the first synapse formed by a naı¨ve T cell set the stage for generation of memory T cells. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that loss of ICAM-1 from antigen presenting cells prevents synapse formation at a standard antigen dose and impairs effector and memory responses (Scholer et al.
5 Treg Exclusion in T–T Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating System-Wide Decisions Through Collective and Spatiotemporal Information Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cell-Based Vectorial Spreading of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Selection of a System of Appropriate Cell Types .