By Henrica C. W. de Vet, Caroline B. Terwee, Lidwine B. Mokkink, Dirk L. Knol
The luck of the Apgar rating demonstrates the remarkable strength of an acceptable medical device. This down-to-earth booklet presents useful recommendation, underpinned through theoretical rules, on constructing and comparing dimension tools in all fields of drugs. It equips you to decide on the main acceptable device for particular reasons. The ebook covers size theories, equipment and standards for comparing and choosing tools. It offers the way to determine size homes, reminiscent of reliability, validity and responsiveness, and interpret the consequences. labored examples and end-of-chapter assignments use genuine info and famous tools to construct your talents at implementation and interpretation via hands-on research of real-life situations. All facts and options can be found on-line. it is a ideal direction ebook for college students and an ideal spouse for professionals/researchers within the clinical and healthiness sciences who care in regards to the caliber and that means of the measurements they practice.
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Additional info for Measurement in Medicine: A Practical Guide (Practical Guides to Biostatistics and Epidemiology)
Example text
The extra assumption for IRT models is that the items can, to some extent, be ordered according to difficulty. If variables can be ordered well there is a greater chance that an IRT model will fit. IRT has 26 Concepts, theories and models many advantages over CTT. Most of these will be discussed in later chapters; here we will introduce computer adaptive testing (CAT), one of its important applications. The essential characteristic of CAT is that the test or questionnaire is tailored to the ‘ability’ of the individual.
E. ‘ability’) is usually denoted with the Greek letter θ (theta) in an IRT model, whereas it is denoted by η in CTT. This is just another notation and name for the same construct. Take as an example the walking ability of a group of patients. We assume that this is a unidimensional construct, which might range from ‘unable to walk’ to ‘no limitations at all’. Each patient has a location on this continuum of walking ability. This location is called the patient location (or ability or endorsement).
It can be assumed that patients with severe depression have already gone through states of mild and moderate depression. Therefore, if the instrument is able to distinguish between these stages longitudinally (within an individual), it will also be able to distinguish between them cross-sectionally (between individuals). 3╇ Things to keep in mind in the selection and formulation of items Construct Target population Purpose of measurement Reflective or formative model Difficulty of the items Application in research or clinical practice Correspondence with response options requirements for items for discriminative purposes and those for evaluative purposes.