By Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf, I Tiginyanu
Coatings are used for a large variety of purposes, from anti-fogging coatings for glass via to corrosion regulate within the aerospace and automobile industries. Nanocoatings and ultra-thin movies presents an updated evaluate of the basics, tactics of deposition, characterization and purposes of nanocoatings. half one covers applied sciences utilized in the production and research of skinny motion pictures, together with chapters on present and complicated coating applied sciences in undefined, nanostructured skinny movies from amphiphilic molecules, chemical and actual vapour deposition equipment and strategies for studying nanocoatings and ultra-thin motion pictures. half makes a speciality of the functions of nanocoatings and ultra-thin movies, with chapters overlaying issues resembling nanocoatings for architectural glass, packaging functions, traditional and clever nanocoatings for corrosion safety in aerospace engineering and ultra-thin membranes for sensor functions.
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Extra info for Nanocoatings and ultra-thin films - Technologies and applications
Sample text
1 Surface pressure The surface pressure (π) of a film is obtained from the difference between the surface tension of the pure subphase, γ0 (pure water) and that of the subphase with monolayer, γ. 1] For a simple isotropic system as shown in Fig. 2, a thin film is on a pure water surface. e. 2] where the surface tension γ is the free energy per surface area (unit: mN/m) and l is the length of the barrier. If the barrier is moved slowly so that the temperature is not changed and the force acting on the barrier is invariant, the force should be γl.
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Finally, some examples of thin film applications using LB films will be discussed. Key words: Langmuir monolayer, Langmuir–Blodgett (LB), Langmuir– Schaefer (LS), air–water interface, phase transition. 1 Langmuir monolayer Thin insoluble or amphiphilic monolayers at the air–water interface have been studied for more than 200 years since Benjamin Franklin characteristically made the first observation in 1774. Later, in 1890, Lord Rayleigh1 reported a quantitative measurement on a monolayer of oil molecules resulting from spreading on water.