By Dieter Vollath
Successor of the hugely acclaimed, first full-color creation to nanomaterials - now together with graphenes and carbon nanotubes
This full-colored creation to nanomaterials and nanotechnology specifically addresses the wishes of engineers who want to know the detailed phenomena and potentials, with no getting slowed down within the medical aspect of the physics and chemistry involved.
Based at the author's personal classes, this textbook indicates tips to produce nanomaterials and use them in engineering purposes for novel items. Following an advent, the textual content is going directly to deal with synthesis, characterization strategies, thermal, optical, magnetic and digital houses, processing and, eventually, rising applications.
A sound assessment of the "nano global" from an application-oriented perspective.
Reviews for the 1st edition:
"The reader [of this booklet] gains from the large medical educating event of the author.... This publication is extremely urged for everybody who desires to step onto the hot and engaging box of nanomaterials." (International magazine of fabrics learn, could 2009)
"The useful presentation and readability in writing variety makes this e-book a winner for somebody desirous to speedy know about the basics and useful aspect of nanomaterials." (IEEE electric Insulation journal, March/April 2009)
Read Online or Download Nanomaterials: An Introduction to Synthesis, Properties and Applications PDF
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Additional resources for Nanomaterials: An Introduction to Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Sample text
J. (1995) Sensors Actuat. B, 24–25, 366–369. L. (2007) Sensors Actuat. B, 77, 579–591. J. (1996) Sensors Actuat. B, 33, 72–76. L. (2004) Nature, 431, 284–287. , and Zettl, A. (2008) Nat. , 3, 533–537. 1 General Considerations In nanomaterials, the surface forms a sharp interface between a particle and its surrounding atmosphere or between a precipitated phase and the parent phase. These are free surfaces in the case of particulate materials or grain boundaries in bulk material. Nanomaterials have large surfaces, a fact that can be demonstrated by using spherical particles as examples.
Provided that the starting grain size is sufficiently small, the energy released is almost independent of the final grain size. 11 Surface energy of zirconia particles as a function of grain size. The free enthalpy of formation (DGZrO2 ) and the free enthalpy of the monoclinic–tetragonal phase transformation (DGmonoc-tetr) is plotted for comparison. 11, for the case of zirconia. Again, a value of 1 J mÀ2 was assumed for the surface energy. 11 that for particles smaller than 2 nm, the surface energy is comparable to the energy of formation.
As explained in Chapter 7, the most significant influence is observed at the melting point of metal nanoparticles. 13 Hydrostatic pressure in nanoparticles as a function of particle size. The surface stress s was assumed to be 1 N mÀ1. 13) causes a hydrostatic stress sà and a strain eà constant in the particle. The strain energy per particle is eà sà n=2 or eà s à M=ð2rÞ the strain energy per mole. By setting eà ¼ s à =K and s à ¼ p ¼ 4s=d (K is the bulk modulus or K ¼ 1=K ¼ E=ð3ð1 À 2nÞÞ, where E is Young’s modulus, n is the Poisson number, and k is compressibility), one obtains for the strain energy of small spherical particles: 1 4c 2 M 3ð1 À 2nÞ 4s 2 M U strain ¼ ¼ ð3:9Þ 2K d r 2E d r In contrast to other formulae describing the influence of surface phenomena on thermodynamic quanta, the strain energy depends inversely on the square of the particle size and therefore a significant influence is expected only for very small particles.