By Adam Dolnik, Keith M. Fitzgerald
This ebook is ready the function of negotiation in resolving terrorist barricade hostage crises. What classes may be realized from previous lethal incidents in order that predicament negotiators and determination makers can act with higher effectiveness sooner or later? What are the teachings the terrorists are studying and the way will they have an effect on the dynamics of destiny incidents? What do we find out about the terrorist possibility, and approximately fighting the escalation of destiny terrorist hostage-taking situations?While there are numerous proficient difficulty negotiators world wide, nearly none of them has ever had touch with a terrorist hostage-taking incident. extra, the full education application of such a lot hostage negotiators specializes in resolving crises that don't think about concerns corresponding to ideology, faith, or the differing units of strategic ambitions and mindsets of ideological hostage takers. this is often very true with reference to the terrorists of the hot breed, who've turn into much less discriminate, extra deadly, and extra keen to execute hostages and die throughout the incident. extra, the various paradigms and presumptions upon which the modern perform of obstacle negotiation relies don't replicate the truth of the recent terrorists.The major concentration of this ebook is at the specific reconstruction and research of the 2 such a lot high-profile circumstances lately, the Moscow theater and the Beslan tuition hostage crises, with a transparent function of drawing classes for hostage negotiation suggestions sooner or later. this can be a subject matter of best precedence. Terrorist manuals from international locations corresponding to Saudi Arabia and Iraq display that terrorist corporations are very heavily watching and studying the teachings realized from those incidents, suggesting that we're more likely to see this kind of new terrorist hostage taking related to huge numbers of suicide combatants and executions of hostages at some point soon sooner or later. This increases a wide range of questions on applicable responses and negotiation suggestions. From the 1st look, it's transparent that we're not ready.
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Some groups see themselves as representing populations that are—or feel—brutalized as part of a larger war, and they desire to punish those they see as responsible. While this logic is endemic to terrorism in general, some of the “new terrorist” groups are now including even the most innocent segments of the general public in the list of those responsible for making war on them, considering them “legitimate” targets. Besides the increasing lethality and reduction of “taboo” targets, the third important component of the “new terrorism” has been the terrorists’ greatly enhanced striking power,10 caused primarily by the “democratization of destruction,” a by-product of the proliferation of advanced technologies.
And thirdly, the alleged absence of a politically mindful constituency on behalf of the “new terrorists” will likely make the negotiation emphasis on the success associated with high level of publicity already achieved a much less persuasive argument. Overall, the management of barricade hostage crises involving the “new terrorists” will probably be even more challenging than the high-pressure terrorist standoffs of the past. THE PEOPLE INVOLVED Some of the most influential researchers in the field of crisis negotiations have cited convincing anecdotal evidence debunking the myth that terrorists undergo extensive and detailed training for hostage-taking operations.
The first component of this changing dynamic is the increased destructive power on behalf of the terrorists, which in many ways removes the authorities’ monopoly on a violent resolution. The “new terrorists’” high numbers and superior preparation and training result in a situation in which hostage takers actually have a viable chance of successfully repelling an assault or a rescue attempt. In the situation where rescue teams can no longer overcome their adversaries at will, the threat of a forceful resolution will be reduced significantly, thus strengthening the terrorists’ negotiating position.