Organogenesis of the Kidney (Developmental and Cell Biology by Lauri Saxen

By Lauri Saxen

This description of a version method for telephone differentiation and organogenesis is written by way of one of many most effective researchers within the region. the most emphasis is at the mammalian kidney, however the publication additionally offers with the advance of the transien excretory organs. It comprises discussions of induction, proliferation, early cytodifferentiation and morphogenesis and organogenesis. This authoritative account could be invaluable to developmental biologists and likewise to scientists operating in paediatric nephrology. because it provides the history of standard improvement and of keep an eye on platforms, it is going to even be of use to nephrologists engaged on abnormalities within the urinary tract.

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Section adjacent to C stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In routine histology, no condensation can yet be detected around the ureter (arrows). of the ureter and may be now seen as distinct, large 'droplets', apparently both intracellularly and extracellularly (Fig. 17). Later, following early renal vesicle formation and epithelialization of the mesenchymal cells, laminin becomes confined to the basement membrane. In the transfilter model-system, we could also show a temporal correlation between induction and enhanced laminin synthesis.

If the view is accepted that the metanephrogenic mesenchyme, prior to contact with the ureteric epithelium, has become 'predetermined' and possesses a nephrogenic bias without other developmental options, it should be asked when and how this early commitment has occurred. This inevitably brings us back to the early stages of nephrogenesis and to the development of the pronephros and the mesonephric blastema described in Chapter 1. Two types of experiments have been performed with pronephric and mesonephric anlage tissue to answer the above question: early stages of the nephric blastema are either totally dissected and cultivated in vitro or in vivo or they are exposed to various heterologous tissues or grafting conditions.

Yet, the cells have not fully lost their motility as a seemingly random movement still takes place over several cell layers. This results in constant displacement and exchange of position of the cells within an early condensate (Saxen et al, 1965«). The exchange process has also been documented experimentally in various types of chick/quail recombinants by Armstrong & Armstrong (1973) and by Saxen & KarkinenJaaskelainen (1975) (Fig. 25, p. 86). Factors leading to the cessation of cell motility, the condensation of the mesenchyme, and the subsequent fractionation of the primary condensate to pretubular aggregates might be found in the extracellular matrix directing cell behaviour in many tissues.

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