By A.K.M. Rainbow (Eds.)
Destined to turn into a huge reference paintings, this e-book provides quite a lot of expert papers at the exploitation of coal mining wastes (minestone). up to date advancements and study effects are stated from around the world, delivering a wealth of knowledge for civil and mining engineers, environmentalists, and land reclamation experts
Read or Download Reclamation, Treatment and Utilization of Coal Mining Wastes: Nottingham, England, September 7-11,1987 PDF
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Extra resources for Reclamation, Treatment and Utilization of Coal Mining Wastes: Nottingham, England, September 7-11,1987
Example text
Stabilizing agents generally fall into two broad groups - Active stabilizers which produce a chemical reaction with the aggregate or soil particles or Inert stabilizers which bind together and/or waterproof the particles; although many stabilizers display various combinations of active and inert characteristics. e. their strength and durability are improved. In the United Kingdom, the addition of ordinary Portland cement has been the most successful, whereas the use of a bituminous binder appears to be preferred in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Vegetation can readily be established on Minestone when it or other materials are used for highway embankments it is usual to top-soil exposed surfaces and to grass or plant them. Similarly, if Minestone is used in reclamation for raising site levels to up-grade land usage through development, it would be usual to top-soil exposed areas before grassing or planting and there is now a considerable range of experience on how to get the best results when this is done. However, experiments and experience have also demonstrated that it is not always necessary to top-soil before seeding or planting.
It then identifies areas of land which either singly or in combination could satisfy the tipping volume requirement. In selecting such options, attention is given not just to land in the vicinity already owned by British Coal but also to sites with opportunities for environmental gain. Options for disposal are then subjected to preliminary testing in order to disregard unrealistic ones. Preliminary design and costings work is then required for each of the feasible options as a basis for the more detailed later analyses in Phase II.