By Faruk Civan
This complete unmarried resource can provide the newest findings and methods for knowing, assessing, and mitigating reservoir formation harm. it's the merely publication on this planet to attract from the main disciplines of chemistry, engineering, petrophysics, geology, and mathematical modeling to supply state of the art wisdom and worthy insights into formation harm. The author's services in petroleum, chemical, and geological engineering make this publication special as a result of its extensive, thorough insurance. It presents an knowing of the checking out, modeling, and simulation options on hand for formation harm review. you'll find new concepts designed to reduce and keep away from formation harm in petroleum reservoirs. Reservoir Formation harm is a concise and useful reference for engineers, scientists, and operators engaged in a number of elements of formation harm, together with trying out, evaluate, prognosis, prediction, and mitigation.
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273-285. , private communication, 1999. Hughes, R. , "The Application of Modern Clay Concepts to Oil Field Development," pp. 151-167, in Drilling and Production Practice 1950, American Petroleum Institute, New York, NY, 1951, 344 p. Khilar, K. , Fogler, H. , "Water Sensitivity of Sandstones," SPEJ, February 1983, pp. 55-64. Kia, S. , Fogler, H. , & Reed, M. , "Effect of Salt Composition on Clay Release in Berea Sandstones," SPE 16254, February 1987. Ladd, C. , 1960, pp. 10-26. , Civan, F, & Evans, R.
1997; reprinted by permission of the AlChE, ©1997 AlChE. All rights reserved). Mineralogy and Mineral Sensitivity of Petroleum-Bearing Formations 25 Zhou et al. (1996, 1997) suggest the use of clay-swelling charts obtained by x-ray diffraction method similar to that given in Figures 2-15 and 2-16 to determine the compatibility of clays with mixed-electrolyte solutions. These charts indicate the cation concentrations of aqueous solutions that will cause crystalline or osmotic swelling. Consequently the cation compositions that will lead to formation damage can be identified readily in the region of the osmotic swelling, as shown in Figure 2-15, because osmotic swelling is the main cause of formation damage.
Thus, the water absorption in the solid can be predicted by the one-dimensional transientstate diffusion equation: dc/dt - Dd2c/dz2,0 < z < oo, t > 0, (2-2) subject to the initial and boundary conditions given, respectively, by: c = c0,0