By Mark D. Zoback
This interdisciplinary ebook encompasses the fields of rock mechanics, structural geology and petroleum engineering to deal with quite a lot of geomechanical difficulties that come up throughout the exploitation of oil and gasoline reservoirs. It considers key functional concerns comparable to prediction of pore strain, estimation of hydrocarbon column heights and fault seal capability, selection of optimally sturdy good trajectories, casing set issues and dust weights, adjustments in reservoir functionality in the course of depletion, and production-induced faulting and subsidence. The booklet establishes the fundamental rules concerned earlier than introducing useful size and experimental innovations to enhance restoration and decrease exploitation bills. It illustrates their profitable program via case reports taken from oil and gasoline fields all over the world. This e-book is a pragmatic reference for geoscientists and engineers within the petroleum and geothermal industries, and for examine scientists drawn to rigidity measurements and their software to difficulties of faulting and fluid movement within the crust
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Extra resources for Reservoir geomechanics
Example text
Careful study of the stress field in this area illustrates that while the changes in the stress field in this area are quite pronounced, they are also systematic. The state of stress in the fields closest to the faults involved in the 1952 earthquake (San Emidio, Los Lobos, Pleito, Wheeler Ridge and North Tejon) are strongly affected by the change of stress in the crust caused by the earthquake. 7. Stress map of the southernmost San Joaquin Valley from wellbore breakouts (after Castillo and Zoback 1994).
Yassir and Zerwer (1997) show that stress orientations in the Gulf of Mexico are locally affected by salt bodies. It is clear that ignoring how stress orientation and magnitude are affected by the presence of salt bodies can lead to costly well failures. 10, wells were planned that would be influenced by the modified state of stress around the salt body. 10b show schematically how the maximum and minimum principal stresses might be deflected by the presence of the salt. In this case the well trajectory tracks beneath the salt body.
10, wells were planned that would be influenced by the modified state of stress around the salt body. 10b show schematically how the maximum and minimum principal stresses might be deflected by the presence of the salt. In this case the well trajectory tracks beneath the salt body. Needless to say, the principal stresses along the well trajectory deviate markedly from horizontal and vertical and this must be taken into account when considering the stability of such a well. 10a, the well trajectories involve drilling through the salt such that markedly different stress fields are expected above, within and below the salt bodies.