By Julie A. Kupecz, J. G. Gluyas, S. Bloch
This complete quantity addresses the demanding situations of actual prediction and ongoing refinement of reservoir caliber all through a reservoir's life-cycle. world wide case experiences current the predictive elements of either siliciclastic and carbonate reservoir features. With a spotlight on diagenetic results, the publication emphasizes the most recent techniques to reservoir caliber prediction utilizing numerous methodologies.American organization Of Petroleum Engineers (AAPG)Founded in 1917, we're the world's greatest specialist geological society, with over 30,000 members.We are a pillar of the world-wide medical group. Our books foster clinical study, develop the technological know-how of geology and advertise the best use of petroleum extraction & processing know-how and practice.Some of the components we put up in include:GISPetroleum EngineeringWell Log AnalysisGeological ModelingCarbonate PetrologySeismic ImagingReservoir CharacterizationRegional Petroleum research
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Additional resources for Reservoir quality prediction in sandstones and carbonates
Example text
Given the thickness and areal extent of sandstone facies in this area, the average porosity required for an economic oil play would have been ~15%. Approximately two-thirds of the outcrop samples described in this study are immature litharenites and feldspathic litharenites containing minor amounts of porosity (mostly <3%). These samples include tightly compacted Type 4 lithofacies and Type 4/6 hybrids whose pore systems were destroyed by a combination of compaction and burial cementation (mostly calcite, dolomite and siderite, and minor quartz).
In addition to the same burial and hydrothermal cements found in carbonate rocks, sandstones may contain burial quartz, feldspar (usually albite), zeolites, and authigenic clays (kaolinite, illite, smectite). In general, burial cements have a tendency to be more pervasive, laterally continuous, and chemically stable than near-surface cements. Therefore, the exploration risks associated with Type 6 lithofacies may be higher, particularly if the strata in question are thermally mature (dry-gas preservation window or above).
POROSITY LOSS IN SANDSTONES Recently deposited sands are usually highly porous, often >40% (Pettijohn, 1975). Buried sands and sandstones have lower porosities (Table 1). Porosity is reduced by two distinct and commonly independent processes: compaction and cementation. The difference between these two processes is most easily considered in terms of pore volume and bulk rock volume change. Compaction involves the reduction in pore space associated with shortening of the sand column under burial loading (reduction in both pore volume and bulk rock volume).