By Tze-ki Hon
Revolution as recovery examines the magazine Guocui xuebao (1905-1911) to explain the momentous political and social adjustments in early twentieth-century China. instead of viewing the magazine as a set of files for learning a philosopher (e.g., Zhang Taiyan), an idea (e.g., nationwide essence), or an highbrow circulation (e.g., cultural conservatism), this e-book makes a speciality of the worldwide community of trade and conversation that allowed self sufficient guides to seem within the chinese language print industry. As such, this publication bargains a distinct standpoint at the chinese language quest for modernity. It exhibits that, from the beginning, the chinese language quest for modernity used to be by no means thoroughly orchestrated by way of the primary executive, nor was once it static and monolithic because the teleology of revolution describes.
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Additional info for Revolution as Restoration: Guocui xuebao and China's Path to Modernity, 1905-1911
Sample text
Sometimes a stage of evolution might last longer in one place and take a shorter time in another. This humanistic view of natural selection was particularly clear at the end of the preface where Yan Fu discussed the different temporalities of China and Europe in going through the three-stage evolution. In this comparison, Yan Fu went beyond Jenks by converting what originally was a general law of evolution into a historical perspective for cultural comparison. He argued that China “started early” (shi zhou 始驟) when transforming from tribalism to feudalism.
In a nation-state, the existence of a complex system of skilled laborers is a result of the rationalization and commercialization of an industrial economy. But an industrial economy will never flourish unless there is a constant supply of skilled workers who are professionally trained rather than related in blood. In short, Jenks’s contribution lies in his insight on the interdependence of the political, social, and economic realms. And this insight allowed him to compare and rank societies. In Yan Fu’s translation, the increasingly complex relationship between economy and sociopolitical structure was made clear by the number of chapters devoted to each stage of evolution.
By 221 BCE when the first emperor of the Qin dynasty unified China under a new “county-district system” ( junxian zhi 郡縣制), Yan Fu argued, China reached the critical threshold of being ready to transform into a nation-state. 40 And yet, China failed to make the critical leap, so the transformation was never completed. For two millennia from the second century BCE to the nineteenth century CE, Yan Fu lamented, China was locked in the stage of advanced feudalism and was never able to move forward to forming a nation-state.