The Decline of Life: Old Age in Eighteenth-Century England by Susannah R. Ottaway

By Susannah R. Ottaway

An incredible research of the background of growing older.

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Botelho, “Old Age and Menopause,” pp. 59–61. , Power and Poverty. 9 years, but from 1781 to 1826 life expectancy went from about 35 to about 40 years. A. S. Schofield, The Population History of England, 1541–1871: A Reconstruction, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p. 236. A. Wrigley, R. Davies, J. S. Schofield, English Population History from Family Reconstitution, 1580–1837 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 295. 18 Male and female mortality rates differed over the life course.

Woods and Williams have pointed out that life expectancy at age 20 could have been as high as 40 years even before 1650, and it increased to 40 years generally between 1650 and 1850. Robert Woods and Naomi Williams, “Must the Gap Widen Before It Can Be Narrowed? Long-Term Trends in Social Class Mortality Differentials,” Continuity and Change 10, no. 1 (1995): 111. , English Population History, pp. 302–307. See discussion in Thane, Old Age In English History, pp. 21–24. For the age structure of the English population see Wrigley and Schofield, Population History, p.

Maxwell, “Cross-Cultural Variation in the Status of Old People,” in Old Age in Preindustrial Society, ed. , 1982), p. 46 and passim. They believe that all cultures have at least three divisions of age: child, adult, and old age. And see Holmes and Holmes, Other Cultures, on cultural determinants of the roles and definitions of the aged. Elles Bulder, The Social Economics of Old Age: Strategies to Maintain Income in Later Life in the Netherlands 1880–1940 (Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers, 1993), p.

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