By Ali El-Agraa
The ecu Union has tested itself as a number one textual content that gives readers from all disciplines with a legitimate knowing of the economics and regulations of the ecu. Its wealth of knowledge, element and research has ensured that earlier versions were learn through scholars, researchers coverage makers alike. This new version: • Covers all fresh advancements affecting the ecu equivalent to expansion, the ratification of the great Treaty and the conference for the way forward for Europe • Has been completely up to date and comprises new participants for the chapters on social coverage, the only industry, ecu festival coverage, and the felony measurement of the european • Is written in a transparent and fascinating type by way of a staff of the world over well known teachers.
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Extra info for The European Union: Economics and Policies
Example text
Thus, if all goes according to plan, the EU is set to comprise the whole of Europe, since Switzerland has not withdrawn the application it lodged several years ago. Although the EEC Treaty relates simply to the formation of a customs union and provides the basis for a common market in terms of free factor mobility, many of the originators of the EEC saw it as a phase in a process culminating in complete economic and political union. Thus the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty, later ratified and extended by the Treaty of Amsterdam – see chapter 2), which transformed the EC into the EU in 1994 and which provides the EU with, inter alia, a single central bank, a single currency (presently for only thirteen members), and common foreign and defence policies, would be regarded in some quarters as a positive step towards the attainment of the founding fathers’ desired ideal.
A scheme for the Pacific Basin integration-cum-cooperation was being hotly discussed during the 1980s. In the late 1980s I argued (ElAgraa, 1988a, 1988b) that ‘given the diversity of countries within the Pacific region, it would seem highly unlikely that a very involved scheme of integration would evolve over the next decade or so’. This was in spite of the fact that there already existed: 1. the Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference (PECC) which is a tripartite structured organization with representatives from governments, business and academic circles and with the secretariat work being handled between general meetings by the country next hosting a meeting; 2.
That is why the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) recommended in 1984 that there should be some rationalization in the economic cooperation attempts in West Africa. Therefore, some would claim that the creation, by all the African nations except Morocco, of the African Economic Community (AEC) in 1991, and the African Union (AU) in 2001 by the Constitutive Act, are the appropriate response; the AU replaced the Organization for African Unity (OAU). However, that response would be incorrect, since the AEC not only officially endorses all the existing African economic integration schemes, but also encourages the creation of new ones while remaining silent on how they can all co-exist (El-Agraa, 2003).