By Alex Drace-Francis
Literary and cultural pictures, as soon as thought of marginal to the most currents of political and institutional improvement in southeastern Europe, were accorded a lot larger significance via students lately. during this quantity Alex Drace-Francis brings jointly over fifteen years of labor relating to representations of Romania and Romanians. Crossing the East-West divide, the booklet reports either exterior pictures of the rustic and folks, and domestically-generated representations of Europe and 'the West'. It attracts on fabric in quite a lot of languages and provides a long term view, offering a nuanced and historically-grounded contribution to the full of life debates over Balkanism, Orientalism and identities in Romania and in Europe as a complete.
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Extra resources for The Traditions of Invention: Romanian Ethnic and Social Stereotypes in Historical Context
Sample text
The earliest mention of the term comes in 1470 in a document relating to the confirmation of the use of some mountains for grazing by the monastery of Tismana. We are first told that ‘neither boyar nor cneaz, nor siromah [poor man]’ should be permitted from grazing there without the prince’s permission; then this is repeated, with the added injunction that ‘any horani’ taking their cattle to the mountain will be punished ‘according to Wallachian law’. One scholar interprets this as meaning peasants; another thinks it refers merely to local people; a dictionary seems to imply 68 Bloch, Feudal society, I: 320–1.
At the same time their practices are reminiscent of those of the Romans before the intervention of the god Jove. The evocation of a barbarian people as a rhetorical device to criticise corruption at home was a common theme in antiquity. Certain similarities with other peoples 23 Ovid, Tristia, V:10, 17–24. Syme, Ovid in history, 164–5, argues that Ovid’s description of the peoples of the Pontic region was conditioned by considerations of prosody: he may attach the name of a tribe to a particular practice because the ethnonym fits his metrical scheme.
See also the debate between Cihodaru and Panaitescu, 160–9. 80 Panaitescu, Obştea ţărănească, loc. cit. 81 Ureche, Letopiseţul, 93. In a later version of the same episode, Nicolae Costin (writing c. 1710) described these ‘ţărani’ as being, ‘on the order of Voevod Stephen, ready on the paths with arms, scythes, axes and flintlocks’. Cf. Chiţimia, Probleme de bază, 249–53, who argues that since there is more, and not less detail in the later chronicle, both writers must have been using a common (Slavonic) chronicle, now lost.