Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition by Eric J. Underwood

By Eric J. Underwood

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This is of interest because of the low iron content of the milk of those species relative to the needs of the suckling. In the rat the level of iron in the milk can be raised by iron-loading of the lactating animal (85). Whether the iron content of milk is reduced below normal in the Fe-deficient animal is not clear, although Ezekiel and Morgan (85) observed a decrease in the Fe level of the milk of rats whose iron stores and hemoglobin levels were depleted by repeated bleeding. Iron occurs in milk in combination with several proteins.

When the level in the liver and spleen of rats and rabbits increases beyond about 2000 μg Fe/g, hemosiderin begins to predominate. At levels beyond 3000-4000 μg Fe/g additional storage iron is deposited quantitatively as hemosiderin (212, 265). From their study of iron storage in human necropsies, Morgan and Walters (216) concluded that with total storage iron in liver and spleen below 500 Mg/g of tissue, more iron was stored as ferritin than as hemosiderin. With levels above 1000 ^g/g more was stored as hemosiderin.

In normal individuals only 30-40% of the transferrin carries iron, the remainder being known as the latent iron-binding capacity. Serum iron and total and latent iron-binding capacity vary greatly among species, among individuals of the same species, and in various disease states. In man a well-marked diurnal rhythm occurs. M. M. High morning and low evening values have since been observed by several investigators, except in night workers in which the diurnal rhythm is reversed and diminished (126, 232).

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