Vietnam (Modern World Nations) by Douglas A. Phillips

By Douglas A. Phillips

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Common people preserved Vietnamese traditions, but many of the elite became enamored with Chinese culture and philosophy. Still, most Vietnamese remained unsupportive of Chinese rule. The 31 32 Vietnam Chinese for the most part despised the Vietnamese, who were viewed as barbarians. The mutual interest and animosity of the Chinese and the Vietnamese made for an uncomfortable love-hate relationship that lasted for nearly 1,000 years. Other unsuccessful Vietnamese rebellions against the Chinese took place under Ly Bon beginning in 542.

Tran Hung Dao became another guerrilla hero for future Vietnamese to honor and learn from. In the early sixteenth century, Vietnam started to split into northern and southern regions. The ruling Le dynasty had weakened, and the Trinh family had started to rule in the north. At the same time, the Nguyen family inherited the Le dynasty rule and prevailed in the south. This divided situation lasted for nearly 250 years, with the two families frequently at war. The warring conditions created additional taxation and hardships that made life nearly intolerable for the peasants in both the north and the south.

Most of these people settled in the northern part of the kingdom and introduced Chinese language, technology, and customs. The settlers left a deep Chinese cultural imprint that remains today in northern Vietnam. , Chinese armies once again seized Nam Viet. This region was rapidly swallowed by the Han empire. With this conquest, Chinese culture soon overwhelmed Nam Viet: China’s language, political institutions, and even the philosophy of Confucianism were imposed on the Vietnamese. As a reward for their efforts to secure Nam Viet and to plant the seeds of Chinese culture deeper, the Han government gave its soldiers land in Nam Viet for farming.

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