War and Nationalism in China: 1925-1945 (Routledge Studies by Hans van de Ven

By Hans van de Ven

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Confusion then descended, the order of command collapsed, and logistical and supply networks broke down. ’65 The organisation of an orderly and timely retreat back to a safe area is an important military skill. Napoleon during his invasion of Russia, Hitler in Operation Barbarossa, and the Japanese would all pay with defeat for their inability to realise when the time for retreat had come. They instead persisted with doomed offensives. Stilwell’s attack on Tounggoo did not have the same consequences and was in the scale of things only a minor event.

Stilwell’s preference for the offensive and his disdain for Chinese strategy also contributed to the loss of Burma. Stilwell arrived in India on 23 February, and then flew on to Chongqing to confer with Chiang Kaishek on 9 and 10 March after Rangoon had fallen. Chiang began his first meeting with Stilwell by mentioning the counter-offensive Stilwell revisited 31 plan that on 2 March he had suggested to Wavell. He stated that because of a British failure to deliver promised petrol, some Chinese tanks and heavy artillery had not yet moved to the front, but that some units of the 5th Army, including China’s only mobile division, the 200th, had been moved to Tounggoo while the rest was on its way, while the 6th Army had been deployed from Jiangmai in north Thailand to the west in north Burma.

Their armies, according to Slim, suffered from a lack of organisation and were handicapped by a lack of munitions and communications, but ‘the Chinese soldier was tough, brave, and experienced – after all, he had already been fighting on his own without help for years. He was the veteran among the Allies, and could claim up to this time that he had held back the Japanese more successfully than any of the others. 71 Slim appreciated the tactics that the Chinese had used during the first Battle of Changsha.

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