Well Logging in Nontechnical Language by David E. Johnson

By David E. Johnson

An replace of the PennWell vintage nontechnical consultant to logging innovations, this article presents a simple to appreciate evaluate of the technically advanced topic of good logging

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Nature, too, usually begins by breaking off a more-or-less rectangular piece of rock and then proceeds to turn it into a sphere or a marble by rolling, grinding, and wearing off the sharp edges. A freshly broken piece of rock is angular; a very weathered fragment is well rounded. Between these stages, the rock passes through subangular and subrounded stages. The more angular the sand grains, the more tightly packed they will be and the lower the porosity. The more rounded the grains, the higher the porosity.

These grains have been cemented together by heat, pressure, and a cementing material such as carbonate and/or silica. , water clings to the individual grains. Nearly all formations have this immovable, or irreducible, water. No matter how much oil or gas a formation may contain, the irreducible water remains. Ch03 Formation(25-44) 1/14/02 3:25 PM Page 27 Formation Parameters Fig. 3–1. Schematic of sandstone grains. Various kinds of materials comprise the sand grains. Formation water (gray) coats the grains.

The water volume is the amount of water contained in the pore spaces of the formation. It includes both irreducible (immovable) water and free (movable) water. Above the water volume is the oil volume. Since we have a unit volume and all of the compacted matrix is at the bottom, whatever is left over is the porosity. ” If we add up the volumes, we can say Fig. 3–3. Unit volume and bulk volume. (a) Example of how fluids and pores are distributed in a formation. (b) The same formation with fluids separated for easy analysis.

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