By H. Liebowitz
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Sample text
The size of the plastic zone is proportional to the square of the load, and, therefore, the relation of displacement to load and crack length can be approximated as v = P(c1 + c2ala0 + c3P2) (2) where c\, c%, c%, and ao are all constants of the test, and the effect of a small change in crack length on plastic zone size has been neglected. This rela tion is represented in the load-displacement plane (Fig. 4) by the set of curved lines through the origin with parameter a/ao. The tangents to these curved lines (shown dashed) are the secant lines of Fig.
J. HALL TEST The Esso test is similar, in many respects, to the Robertson test. After considerable experimentation, the specimen was more or less standardized at about 16 inches wide and 1 inch thick, and has the general form shown in Fig. 19. The specimen is cooled uniformly across the plate, stressed to the desired loading, and the fracture initiated by a wedge driven into a notch cut in the edge of the plate. The data resulting from this type of test are essentially similar in nature to those just described for the Robertson Load Pin Connection Previously Prepared Brittle Crack Area Cooled Reinforcing Pod Load F I G .
FRACTURE MECHANICS TESTS This general survey of test methods and results would be incomplete without mention of the recent developments in the fracture mechanics field. A tremendous amount of literature exists in this field by virtue of its development and application in recent years. No attempt is made to de scribe the types of specimens employed nor the specific types of results obtained, since this is covered comprehensively in a chapter by J. E. Srawley that appears elsewhere in this treatise.