By A.C.McLean C.D.Gribble
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OH yellow 4 5+ two (prismatic) Sulphides Oxides yellow Sulphides in shales weather easily and may cause expansion and disintegration of such mechanically weak rocks. Thus care should be taken in excavations involving shales— whether stabilising slopes of road cuts or, f or example, preventing disintegration while sinking caissons for f foundation works—since all such operations expose new surfaces of shale to the air. 9. Only the common ore minerals containing iron merit further brief description.
Thus, for example, old (pre-1880) buildings in Glasgow and Edinburgh are built from block sandstones of Lower Carboniferous age. The Glasgow sandstone is from a local horizon and fairly porous, with some carbonate cement and a low compressive strength (<50 MN m–2), whereas the Edinburgh sandstone, which is also obtained from a local horizon, has a low porosity, is silica cemented and possesses a higher strength (>60 MN m– 2). Thus the pre-1800 Edinburgh buildings (the so-called Edinburgh New Town) have survived in better condition than the much younger, Victorian houses in Glasgow, because of the higher resistance of the Edinburgh sandstone to weathering by the industrial atmosphere of these parts of Scotland.
14 Two possible mesh types of serpentine structure. Recent studies on serpentines have shown that aggregate from serpentinite bodies (rocks composed entirely of serpentine) can be used in concrete. In the Middle East, serpentinite concretes have been employed in buildings with no resulting ill effects. Chlorite Chlorite ([MgFeAl]12[SiAl]8O20[OH]16) is a sheet silicate closely related to the micas, and is dark green in colour. 3, depending upon its composition, and a hardness of 2½. Chlorite forms as a secondary mineral from the hydrothermal alteration of ferromagnesian (dark-coloured) silicate minerals, in particular augite, hornblende and biotite.