By William Charles Copperthwaite
On the time of writing, nearly not anything were released at the historical past of shield-work - the employment of a safeguard, without or with assistance from compressed air, in tunnelling operations of English foundation. The author's goal was once to collect in a single quantity a mass of data till then scattered and tough to find.
summary: on the time of writing, nearly not anything were released at the historical past of shield-work - the employment of a defend, without or with the help of compressed air, in tunnelling operations of English beginning. The author's objective used to be to assemble in a single quantity a mass of knowledge till then scattered and tough to discover
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Extra info for Tunnel shields and the use of compressed air in subaqueous works
Sample text
Here, as has almost always in some degree been the case with a masonry tunnel built with a shield, the brickwork cracked owing to the advance of the shield allowing no time for setting. These cracks were made good by fixing cast iron rings or " tubbing " in segments round the inside of the brickwork where they occurred. With the completion of these tunnels in England and America, the use of shields in similar work might have been expected to become general, but no further work was carried out in this manner until the City and South London Railway, with Mr.
This has not been used in any work to the author's knowledge : the earliest shafts or caissons sunk by means of compressed air having the locks for 26 THE USE OF COMPRESSED A I R IN ENGINEERING W O R K ingress and egress so arranged that material and spoil can be passed through them. Mr. Greathead makes the remark that Cochrane does not appear to have con sidered the other necessary appliances for tunnelling in loose water-bearing strata which are almost as necessary as the airlock ; indeed, he suggests that the inventor did not contemplate the use of compressed air in tunnels except in materials impervious, or nearly impervious, to water.
Number of Shifts. 15 to 20 20 „ 25 25 „ 30 30 „ 35 35 „ 40 40 „ 45 45 „ 50 50 „ 55 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 i Thrice a day j Hours of Rest. Hours of Work. 2 between 3 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Twice a day Thrice ! Twice Once ! „ 6 1 i He also recommended that the time for entering the chamber through the air lock, or " locking in " should be one minute for every 3 pounds of pressure ; and for " locking out " one minute for every 6 pounds of pressure. Among the 600 men employed in the caissons of this bridge, there were 119 cases of compressed air sickness, 14 of which terminated fatally and two of which resulted in permanent disablement.