By David Shambaugh
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Additional resources for Modernizing China's military : progress, problems, and prospects
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Relations between the civilian leadership and military in China still very much take place in a CCP-PLA (party-army) context, although, as this chapter argues, there are growing signs of bifurcation between these two institutions. Triggered by the broader drive toward professionalization of the armed forces, there have been a number of key changes in the PLA, some probably unintended, which have fundamentally affected the political identity of the military and its relationship to the CCP. 11 12 / Civil-Military Relations from party-army to civil-military relations Not long ago, analysts of the PLA considered it more appropriate to discuss “party-army relations” rather than the more generic term “civil-military relations,” as commonly used elsewhere in the world.
Following the Tiananmen crackdown, there was a renewed attempt by the party (and its constituent organs inside the PLA) to substantially increase control over, and ensure the loyalty of, the 3. : Westview Press, 1982), chs. 1–3. 4. This assertion does not obviate the important roles played by land reform and nationalism. 5. Mao Zedong, “Problems of War and Strategy,” in Selected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 2 (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1975), p. 224. Civil-Military Relations / 17 military; but this lasted only a year or two, and subsequently disparate signs of increased PLA autonomy have been apparent.
Because “the counterrevolutionary rebellion in Beijing gave us a strong lesson in blood and helped us understand that, as a strong pillar for the people’s democratic dictatorship, this army has an unshirkable duty to resolutely suppress the hostile forces and reactionaries who attempt to subvert the party’s leadership and state power under certain circum- 30. Ibid. 31. Ibid. 32. Commentator, “Uphold the Party’s Absolute Leadership, Ensure That Our Army Is Always Politically Up to Standard,” Jiefangjun Bao, October 1, 1989, in FBIS–CHI, November 16, 1989.