By World Bank
Innovation--in all its forms--and rather technological innovation lately has develop into a very important driving force for spurring progress, improving competitiveness, and lengthening social health in all economies of the realm. Innovation will be understood in a wide and different feel together with not just the production of latest wisdom and know-how and the variation of current ones, yet much more importantly, the diffusion and use of applied sciences, items, strategies, and practices that are new in a given nation context – a definition that's fairly appropriate for low- and medium- source of revenue nations. Innovation coverage, by means of its very nature, is an inter- or multi-departmental coverage, touching coverage components as complementary and diverse as schooling and coaching, abilities improvement, technological know-how and know-how, the company setting, ICT and different infrastructure (e.g. logistics). This guidebook as a result unavoidably attracts upon a huge and various set of coverage components as assets of information and competence so as to supply a holistic dialogue of innovation coverage. It deals a large methodological framework into which involved coverage making groups can layout, conceive and enforce coverage measures tailored to their context. The framework would supply a few basic rules that can then be utilized and customised for particular situations. to be able to foster a coherent and systemic method of the layout of innovation coverage, this publication integrates the research and data from policy-related departments that typically are inclined to paintings in silos and who have to interact for having a universal, proper and effective knowing of innovation coverage. In gentle of a key factor in low and medium source of revenue nations is the resistance of innovation platforms to major advancements, this e-book additionally addresses the family members among innovation coverage and associations.
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Additional info for Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing Countries
Example text
2). In addition, it is important to distinguish between “prime movers’ agendas,” which entail starting from scratch with pioneer innovators, and “critical mass agendas,” which largely entail attracting newcomers to a going concern. The objective in all cases is to favor a successful “self-discovery process” through appropriate combinations of public and private actors that take the best advantage of the situation, whatever its constraints and opportunities. Clearly, government priorities and policy actions will differ considerably according to the country’s technological competence and the nature of its business environment.
They result in a cognitive revolution, which has today taken the form of a knowledge economy or knowledge society. The present situation is characterized by very rapid scientific and technical developments, and advances in science are making it possible to engineer new life forms and materials. The pervasive use of new technologies in all industries and activities requires new skills and new types of knowledge. Higher levels of education and greater flexibility in policies and institutions are necessary to take advantage of the innovation potential of such advances and to build the foundations of the so-called knowledge economy (World Bank 2007).
Incentives in OECD countries that facilitate collaboration by the university or public research structure with the business community, such as joint R&D projects partly funded by government agencies, could usefully be adapted to low- and medium-income countries if their transparency is ensured. Transferring intellectual property rights to universities or public laboratories that perform government-funded R&D (as in the United States under the Bayh-Dole Act) can be an effective incentive for engaging in innovation efforts, but such practices can also undermine long-term research efforts of collective interest and of a public good nature.