By Shane Darke
Heroin is a global scourge and a probably intractable one. The lifetime of the Heroin person: regular Beginnings, Trajectories and results is the 1st booklet to use a biographical method of the lifecycle of the heroin consumer from start until eventually demise. Chapters deal with every one degree of the user's existence, together with youth, routes to take advantage of, the improvement of dependence, difficulties bobbing up from habit, dying and innovations for therapy and prevention. Drawing on over 20 years of expertise within the box of opium study, Shane Darke examines significant theoretical ways to the improvement of opiate dependence and the efficacy of treatment plans for opiate dependence. Key issues are awarded on the finish of every bankruptcy. the main specified assessment on hand of what's more likely to occur to the established heroin consumer, this can be a big booklet for clinicians, researchers and scholars within the fields of drug and alcohol experiences and public wellbeing and fitness.
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Extra resources for The Life of the Heroin User: Typical Beginnings, Trajectories and Outcomes (International Research Monographs in the Addictions)
Sample text
It increases the availability of drugs to the individual and, thus, the likelihood of their being used. , 1998). Support for the sequencing trajectory has come from longitudinal cohort studies, and retrospective modelling of cross-sectional data. , 2000). Presumably, if the adolescent developmental trajectory through licit to illicits has not been engaged by this age, it is unlikely that the person will commence illicit drug use of any sort. In particular, it is unlikely that cannabis use will commence after the age of 20, which suggests that other illicit drug use is also unlikely.
The picture remains opaque. To date, there does not appear to be any conclusive evidence that reliably links a particular gene to opioid dependence in humans (Meyer & Hollt, 2006). , 2009). It is questionable how much any of this matters clinically when compared to the impact of psychosocial factors. Whether there are, or are not, genetic influences is not of any particularly great clinical or epidemiological significance for the life of the heroin user. , 2010). It is likely, however, that the genetic influences will be polygenic, with many genes weakly correlated with risk.
1989). 8 Summary The most important points to emerge from this chapter are the high dependence liability of heroin and the other opioids, and the concept of a heroin use career or trajectory. As the term career suggests, and as we will see in later chapters, it is not only the dependence liability of heroin that is of relevance, but the longevity of the addiction careers of many users. It is not for nothing that terms such as ‘chronically relapsing disorder’ are employed. One of the reasons why heroin carries the highest burden of disease of any drug is the sheer chronicity of most use careers.