By Mark van Loosdrecht
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3588 w a t e r r e s e a r c h 4 5 ( 2 0 1 1 ) 3 5 7 9 e3 5 8 9 probably favoured by the shallowness of the beds, allowing the roots to penetrate to the bottom, which is only 25 cm deep. S. EPA, 1993). Furthermore, roots accumulation in planted wetlands represented up to the 70% of the total accumulated solids at the end of the study period (35%, 50% and 70% for the batch, anaerobic and control line, respectively) (Fig. 5). , 1998), no significant differences on sludge accumulation (roots not considered) between planted and unplanted wetlands were recorded (regardless treatment line) (Fig.
6a shows the percentage of porosity reduction considering an initial drainable porosity of 40% (this corresponds to the 100% in the figure). After 3 years of operation wetlands filter media presented a porosity reduction ranging from 15% to 20% for unplanted systems and ca. 30% for planted wetlands, regardless the type of primary treatment or flow regime. Therefore, reduction of drainable porosity was significantly more important in planted wetlands (between 10% and 15% higher porosity than unplanted wetlands e Fig.
2. Accumulated solids Accumulated sludge (interstitial solids of the gravel) and belowground plant biomass experienced an important increase through the experimental period, though plant biomass accumulation was especially important during the last year of operation, regardless the experimental line (Fig. 4b and c). Roots accumulation occurred mainly in the last 10 months at the bottom of the wetlands, while roots in the upper layer (the top 15 cm of wetted gravel) remained essentially constant through the experimental period (results not shown).