By Ibrahim Dincer, Anand S. Joshi
This publication presents a finished research of varied sun established hydrogen construction platforms. The booklet covers first-law (energy dependent) and second-law (exergy established) efficiencies and offers a accomplished figuring out in their implications. it is going to aid reduce the frequent misuse of efficiencies between scholars and researchers in strength box through the use of an intuitive and unified technique for outlining efficiencies. The publication supplies a transparent figuring out of the sustainability and environmental impression research of the above structures. The publication may be quite helpful for a transparent figuring out of moment legislation (exergy) efficiencies for numerous platforms. it will probably function a reference e-book to the researchers in strength box. The definitions and ideas built within the ebook could be defined via illustrative examples.
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Sample text
11, is highest in acetylene with a total of 54 %, and only 36 % of the carbon is recovered as solid carbon either in the reactor tubes (34 %) or in the filter (2 %). Three percent of carbon stays in the unconverted methane. The remaining part (7 %) may be contained in other hydrocarbons or may correspond to unremoved solid carbon. From Figs. 11 it can be said that methane is not as well converted into solid carbon as it is in H2 because of the substantial presence of acetylene. Another laboratory-scale prototype for hydrogen production via methane cracking is the experimental system of Abanades and Flamant [72] (Fig.
2 General Classification of Solar Hydrogen Production 45 The two cavities are separated by an emitter plate. A three-dimensional (3D) compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is applied at the aperture of the reactor to further augment the incident solar flux before passing it through a quartz window into the upper cavity. Thus, in this arrangement, the emitter plate is directly irradiated and acts as a radiant absorber and radiant emitter to the lower cavity. The main purpose of the emitter plate is to eliminate direct contact between the quartz window and the reactants/products, preventing deposition of particles or condensable gases and assuring a clean window during operation.
6 Schematic diagram of solar gasification/reforming (Modified from Steinfeld [53]) Gaseous Product Filter Bag 4 Independent Gas Inlets (Ar + CH4) Water Cooled Copper Piece Water Cooled Exhaust Sighting Pothole Graphite Tube Copper Plate Water Cooled Aluminum Front Face Graphite Cavity Stainless Steel Reactor Body Insulating Layers Aperture Hemispherical Quartz Window Fig. 7 Laboratory-scale setup of solar cracking of methane (Modified from Rodat et al. [71]) 36 4 Solar Hydrogen Production Ar, CH4 Mixture H2 Rich Gas Mixture H2 Rich Gas Mixture Micro-Porous Insulation Insulator Cooled Shutter Refractory Ceramic Fiber Concentrated Solar Flux Graphite Tubes Carbon Felt Quartz Window Stainless Steel Casing Graphite Wall Fig.